Neural networks and deep learning (AI)

What are neural networks and deep learning?

Neural networks and deep learning are forms of artificial intelligence inspired by the structure and functions of the human brain.

Neural networks

Neural networks are inspired by the structure and function of the human brain. They consist of layers of interconnected nodes known as neurons. These process and transmit information. Each layer in the network performs specific calculations and sends the results to the next layer.

Deep learning

Deep learning is a subset of machine learning and uses many layers of the neural networks described above to learn complex patterns and representations from large amounts of data.

How does deep learning work in practice?

Deep learning follows these four stages to process data:

Input: The first layer of neurons is fed with data.
Processing: In each layer of the network, the data is processed by performing mathematical operations that then send the results to the next layer.
Learning: The network adjusts the weights of the connections between neurons based on errors in the output. This process is known as backpropagation.
Output: After several adjustments and iterations, the network can produce accurate results based on the original data.

What are the applications of neural networks and deep learning?

Neural networks and deep learning can be used for facial, speech, and image recognition, as well as natural language processing and autonomous driving. Such AI can also be used for biometrics. Self-driving cars are a typical example of how autonomous driving is used.

Can neural networks and deep learning be used in cyberattacks?

Yes, absolutely. In fact, some of the most advanced threats can stem from neural networks and deep learning. Examples of methods that can be used by cybercriminals include:

Automated attacks: Deep neural networks can be used by cybercriminals to develop advanced viruses that can adapt and evade detection. These deep neural networks can learn and change their behavior based on the environment they operate in, making them harder to detect.
Phishing attacks: By using deep learning, artificial intelligence can analyze social media to create more convincing profiles of victims, and thus write and send more targeted and convincing phishing messages. Deep learning can recognize language patterns and context, allowing AI based on deep learning to generate messages that mimic leaders, friends, family, and acquaintances in a much more convincing way, making it easier to be deceived.
Exploitation of vulnerabilities: Networks and systems can be scanned for vulnerabilities, followed by the exploitation of these vulnerabilities being automated using artificial intelligence based on neural systems. Vulnerabilities that can be exploited include software and network configurations.

Can artificial intelligence based on neural networks and deep learning be used in cyber defense?

Just like in attacks, artificial intelligence based on neural networks and deep learning can be used in cyber defense. Examples of how this can be done include:

Intrusion detection

Artificial intelligence based on deep neural networks can analyze large amounts of network traffic to detect unusual patterns that may indicate cyberattacks. Such deep AI can learn to recognize both known and unknown threats by analyzing data in real-time.

Virus detection

Files and programs can be analyzed to identify malware using deep learning. AI based on deep learning can learn from large datasets of both malicious and legitimate programs, allowing neural networks to detect subtle anomalies that more traditional methods might overlook.

Anomaly detection

By applying AI based on neural networks, systems and networks can be monitored to detect deviations from normal behavior. This includes looking for unusual login attempts, suspicious file transfers, or other deviations from normal behavior that may indicate an ongoing attack.

Sicra and neural networks and deep learning

Several of Sicra’s partners deliver solutions that utilize artificial intelligence, including those based on neural networks and deep learning. If you want more information, we recommend the main article on Artificial Intelligence.

If you have questions about artificial intelligence in relation to becoming NIS2 compliant, we recommend our CISO-for-Hire service, which can assist with training on security and AI.